Heartburn or acid reflux is a condition in which stomach acid flows back to the esophagus, leading to a burning sensation in the chest and throat. Certain foods, especially those that are spicy, processed, or fried, and several ongoing treatment options may contribute to heartburn or worsen it. Additionally, a few seemingly harmless daily habits can increase the risk of acid reflux. So, here are unhealthy habits that may trigger heartburn:

Overeating
Eating large meals or more than one requires is one of the biggest reasons for heartburn. When one eats, the food travels through the esophagus to the stomach. Between the mouth and the stomach, there is a muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter, or LES, which closes up when the food reaches the stomach. However, when one eats too much, the stomach stays distended, meaning it is unable to close due to the pressure of food inside of it. When the LES does not close, the extra food and stomach juices can easily travel back up through the esophagus, causing acid reflux or heartburn.

Eating too quickly
Being impatient with meals is another trigger for heartburn. Further, eating while lying down, eating too close to bedtime, having large meals frequently, and not maintaining enough gap between two meals to allow digestion are some other unhealthy habits that may trigger heartburn.

Not engaging in physical activities
According to height and other individual characteristics, there is an ideal body mass for each everyone. When the body mass exceeds the normal range, one may be at a higher risk of heartburn. In fact, certain studies suggested that those who experienced heartburn issues typically had higher body mass than those who did not. However, exercise too can trigger heartburn at times. This may happen due to increased pressure in the abdominal region while working out, especially those who lift heavy loads while exercising. Cyclists are also known to experience heartburn the least, and runners usually notice mild symptoms of heartburn.

Ignoring treatment side effects
When dealing with health conditions, the treatment could have side effects like heartburn. Such health issues include high blood pressure, heart issues, asthma, osteoporosis, anxiety, insomnia, arthritis or other similar diseases, depression, Parkinson’s, cancer, muscle spasms, or pain. Certain treatments recommended for hormone therapy may also cause heartburn. So, it is important to understand the risks of treatment options and consult a doctor to help minimize such side effects.

Overlooking other underlying issues
Hiatal hernia is a condition in which the lower esophagus sphincter and the upper part of the stomach move above the diaphragm. The diaphragm is a muscular wall that separates the stomach from the chest and also helps in keeping the LES closed so that the stomach acid and food do not back up into the esophagus. However, when the stomach bulges through the diaphragm, it develops into a hiatal hernia. This is not brought on by unhealthy habits but due to injury in the region or any persistent and intense pressure around the muscles. So, vomiting, coughing, exerting too much pressure during bowel movement, or exercising with heavy weights with no proper posture can increase the risk of hiatal hernia, which further leads to acid reflux. It is usually difficult to diagnose a hiatal hernia as heartburn is the only symptom here, which can be confused with many other complications.

Tips for managing heartburn
Upon observing persistent heartburn, one should speak to a doctor first to eliminate the possibility of other health conditions contributing to the problem. In addition to treatment, the following tips can help one manage the condition:

Maintain a food journal: This can be especially helpful when one has not yet identified the foods that cause or trigger heartburn. Maintaining a food journal will help one keep track of foods and drinks that do not cause uneasiness and those that do. Doctors usually suggest limiting the intake of spicy food, as it seems to be a trigger for most people. Further, overly processed foods or fried foods can trigger acid reflux.

Eat alkaline foods: To lower the risk of heartburn, one can choose alkaline food like a ripe banana, which is known for its high potassium content and can help one manage acid reflux. One can also opt for melons, cauliflower, fennel, and nuts. However, unripe bananas are not as alkaline, so they may, in fact, trigger heartburn instead of helping relieve it. 

Wear loose clothing: This may seem to be unrelated, but wearing tight clothes contracts the muscles in the body and restricts proper movement. This can squeeze the stomach muscles, which may trigger acid reflux by sending stomach juices back up through the esophagus. So wearing loose clothes is usually encouraged to lower the risk of heartburn. Wearing comfortable clothes is usually better than tight outfits to also allow the skin to breathe properly.

Fix sleeping position: One should keep their head and chest elevated than the lower body so as to not allow the stomach fluid to flow back up through the food pipe. One can adjust their mattress in such a way that they stay in the same position while sleeping. Adding a foam wedge under the mattress near the headboard can help ensure the chest stays slightly elevated. One should, however, avoid opting for uncomfortable sleeping positions or making drastic changes if they are likely to develop neck or back pain due to such changes. 

Manage stress: Those experiencing chronic stress are also prone to physical changes in their body. The stress can slow digestion, letting food stay in the stomach for a longer period and allowing the stomach acid to back up into the esophagus. Also, stress can contribute to an increased sensitivity to pain, which can make heartburn seem even more painful.